Hypothermia and freezing are the two main problems associated with a prolonged exposure to intense cold.
Hypothermia: It happens when the body starts losing more heat than what it is able to produce. After a while, stored energy runs out and the body temperature descends. A very low temperature may affect the brain, this prevents the person to move or think appropriately. Then, the person will not realize the danger and therefore, will do nothing to save their life.
If you notice you are fatigued, confused, have difficulty speaking or light headed, or if your baby’s skin is very cold and red and has no energy, try to receive medical attention as soon as possible, especially if your temperature drops below 35 degrees Celsius (95 F). If you can’t, then try to heat the body gradually. First go to a heated room, remove any wet clothes, first warm up the middle section of the body (chest, neck, head and pelvis) and try to drink something hot (never attempt to provide drinks to an unconscious person.)
Freezing: This body injury causes a loss of sensitivity and color in the affected areas. The most commonly affected areas are the nose, ears, cheeks, chin and toes. Freezing may cause permanent damage to the body and even amputation.
If you feel pain or if your skin looks pale or is numb, seal shelter immediately and try to receive medical attention. If you are not able to receive medical attention, look for a place with heating and avoid walking if your feet are frozen or massage the affected area since this may worsen the damage. Dip the affected are in warm water (not hot) or warm it with another part of your body (e.g. place your hand under your armpit.) Do not use the stove, chimney and radiator to heat the damaged part because it has no sensitivity and may complicate the problem if it is burnt.
None of these recommendations should replace medical attention. Hypothermia is a medical emergency and frost bite should be analyzed by a specialist. This is simply a guide that will help you while getting medical attention.
And remember that the best way of avoiding complications, is being well prepared. If your home and car are ready to face an emergency related with low temperatures, it will considerably reduce the risks of suffering a serious health problem.
